In this focused lesson on exciting Arctic exploration in the early 1900s, students will begin by exploring why Matthew Henson is an important historical figure. They will examine their assumptions about explorers and learn about the unusual life and accomplishments of Matthew Henson, the African American explorer who, along with Robert Peary and four Inuit natives, were the first explorers to reach the North Pole in 1909. What challenges and dangers were met by these intrepid adventurers? And how did they gain and use indigenous Inuit knowledge to make their journey a success?

While Peary took credit for the polar achievement and became world famous, Matthew Henson was ignored. Why was Henson forgotten by history for so long?

Assessments include an opportunity for students to imagine what Henson would say in an acceptance speech when he was finally inducted into the Explorers Club in 1937. Scaffolded critical thinking questions can be completed in class or at home, and an exit slip sums up what students have learned. Extension activities are offered for students who want to explore Henson, polar exploration, and African American explorers even further.